adjacent possible air traffic complex network complexity complex_networks complex_systems creativity cuskley data_compression dynamical_systems evolutionary_dynamics gravino information_theory innovation_dynamics kreyon language_dynamics language_games local optimization loreto monechi opinion_dynamics phylogeny relevant_literature servedio social_dynamics statistical_physics techno_social_systems tria XTribe zippers
2015 |
Cuskley, Christine; Colaiori, Francesca; Castellano, Claudio; Loreto, Vittorio; Pugliese, Martina; Tria, Francesca The adoption of linguistic rules in native and non-native speakers: Evidence from a Wug task (Journal Article) Journal of Memory and Language, 84 , pp. 205 - 223, 2015, ISSN: 0749-596X. (Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: castellano, colaiori, cuskley, experiment, kreyon, language_dynamics, loreto, pugliese, rules, Sociolinguistics, tria) @article{Cuskley2015205, title = {The adoption of linguistic rules in native and non-native speakers: Evidence from a Wug task}, author = {Christine Cuskley and Francesca Colaiori and Claudio Castellano and Vittorio Loreto and Martina Pugliese and Francesca Tria}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749596X15000790}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2015.06.005}, issn = {0749-596X}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Memory and Language}, volume = {84}, pages = {205 - 223}, abstract = {Several recent theories have suggested that an increase in the number of non-native speakers in a language can lead to changes in morphological rules. We examine this experimentally by contrasting the performance of native and non-native English speakers in a simple Wug-task, showing that non-native speakers are significantly more likely to provide non -ed (i.e., irregular) past-tense forms for novel verbs than native speakers. Both groups are sensitive to sound similarities between new words and existing words (i.e., are more likely to provide irregular forms for novel words which sound similar to existing irregulars). Among both natives and non-natives, irregularizations are non-random; that is, rather than presenting as truly irregular inflectional strategies, they follow identifiable sub-rules present in the highly frequent set of irregular English verbs. Our results shed new light on how native and non-native learners can affect language structure.}, keywords = {castellano, colaiori, cuskley, experiment, kreyon, language_dynamics, loreto, pugliese, rules, Sociolinguistics, tria}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Several recent theories have suggested that an increase in the number of non-native speakers in a language can lead to changes in morphological rules. We examine this experimentally by contrasting the performance of native and non-native English speakers in a simple Wug-task, showing that non-native speakers are significantly more likely to provide non -ed (i.e., irregular) past-tense forms for novel verbs than native speakers. Both groups are sensitive to sound similarities between new words and existing words (i.e., are more likely to provide irregular forms for novel words which sound similar to existing irregulars). Among both natives and non-natives, irregularizations are non-random; that is, rather than presenting as truly irregular inflectional strategies, they follow identifiable sub-rules present in the highly frequent set of irregular English verbs. Our results shed new light on how native and non-native learners can affect language structure. |
Colaiori, Francesca; Castellano, Claudio; Cuskley, Christine; Loreto, Vittorio; Pugliese, Martina; Tria, Francesca General three-state model with biased population replacement: Analytical solution and application to language dynamics (Journal Article) Phys. Rev. E, 91 , pp. 012808, 2015. (Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: castellano, colaiori, cuskley, kreyon, language_dynamics, language_games, loreto, modeling, naming_game, pugliese, tria) @article{PhysRevE.91.012808b, title = {General three-state model with biased population replacement: Analytical solution and application to language dynamics}, author = { Francesca Colaiori and Claudio Castellano and Christine F. Cuskley and Vittorio Loreto and Martina Pugliese and Francesca Tria}, url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.91.012808}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.91.012808}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Phys. Rev. E}, volume = {91}, pages = {012808}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, abstract = {Empirical evidence shows that the rate of irregular usage of English verbs exhibits discontinuity as a function of their frequency: the most frequent verbs tend to be totally irregular. We aim to qualitatively understand the origin of this feature by studying simple agent-based models of language dynamics, where each agent adopts an inflectional state for a verb and may change it upon interaction with other agents. At the same time, agents are replaced at some rate by new agents adopting the regular form. In models with only two inflectional states (regular and irregular), we observe that either all verbs regularise irrespective of their frequency, or a continuous transition occurs between a low-frequency state, where the lemma becomes fully regular, and a high-frequency one, where both forms coexist. Introducing a third (mixed) state, wherein agents may use either form, we find that a third, qualitatively different behaviour may emerge, namely, a discontinuous transition in frequency. We introduce and solve analytically a very general class of three-state models that allows us to fully understand these behaviours in a unified framework. Realistic sets of interaction rules, including the well-known naming game (NG) model, result in a discontinuous transition, in agreement with recent empirical findings. We also point out that the distinction between speaker and hearer in the interaction has no effect on the collective behaviour. The results for the general three-state model, although discussed in terms of language dynamics, are widely applicable.}, keywords = {castellano, colaiori, cuskley, kreyon, language_dynamics, language_games, loreto, modeling, naming_game, pugliese, tria}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Empirical evidence shows that the rate of irregular usage of English verbs exhibits discontinuity as a function of their frequency: the most frequent verbs tend to be totally irregular. We aim to qualitatively understand the origin of this feature by studying simple agent-based models of language dynamics, where each agent adopts an inflectional state for a verb and may change it upon interaction with other agents. At the same time, agents are replaced at some rate by new agents adopting the regular form. In models with only two inflectional states (regular and irregular), we observe that either all verbs regularise irrespective of their frequency, or a continuous transition occurs between a low-frequency state, where the lemma becomes fully regular, and a high-frequency one, where both forms coexist. Introducing a third (mixed) state, wherein agents may use either form, we find that a third, qualitatively different behaviour may emerge, namely, a discontinuous transition in frequency. We introduce and solve analytically a very general class of three-state models that allows us to fully understand these behaviours in a unified framework. Realistic sets of interaction rules, including the well-known naming game (NG) model, result in a discontinuous transition, in agreement with recent empirical findings. We also point out that the distinction between speaker and hearer in the interaction has no effect on the collective behaviour. The results for the general three-state model, although discussed in terms of language dynamics, are widely applicable. |