baldassarri baronchelli barrat caglioti castellano cattuto complexity dattoli evolutionary_dynamics granular_media granular_media herrmann information_theory innovation_dynamics kreyon language_dynamics loreto mari mukherjee petri pietronero puglisi quantum_optics self_organization servedio statistical_physics techno_social_systems tria zapperi zippers
2015 |
Colaiori, Francesca ; Castellano, Claudio ; Cuskley, Christine F; Loreto, Vittorio ; Pugliese, Martina ; Tria, Francesca General three-state model with biased population replacement: Analytical solution and application to language dynamics Journal Article Phys. Rev. E, 91 , pp. 012808, 2015. Links | BibTeX | Tag: castellano, colaiori, cuskley, language_dynamics, loreto, pugliese, tria @article{PhysRevE.91.012808, title = {General three-state model with biased population replacement: Analytical solution and application to language dynamics}, author = {Colaiori, Francesca and Castellano, Claudio and Cuskley, Christine F. and Loreto, Vittorio and Pugliese, Martina and Tria, Francesca}, url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.91.012808}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Phys. Rev. E}, volume = {91}, pages = {012808}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, keywords = {castellano, colaiori, cuskley, language_dynamics, loreto, pugliese, tria}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Cuskley, Christine; Colaiori, Francesca; Castellano, Claudio; Loreto, Vittorio; Pugliese, Martina; Tria, Francesca The adoption of linguistic rules in native and non-native speakers: Evidence from a Wug task Journal Article Journal of Memory and Language, 84 , pp. 205 - 223, 2015, ISSN: 0749-596X. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: castellano, colaiori, cuskley, experiment, kreyon, language_dynamics, loreto, pugliese, rules, Sociolinguistics, tria @article{Cuskley2015205, title = {The adoption of linguistic rules in native and non-native speakers: Evidence from a Wug task}, author = {Christine Cuskley and Francesca Colaiori and Claudio Castellano and Vittorio Loreto and Martina Pugliese and Francesca Tria}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749596X15000790}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2015.06.005}, issn = {0749-596X}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Memory and Language}, volume = {84}, pages = {205 - 223}, abstract = {Several recent theories have suggested that an increase in the number of non-native speakers in a language can lead to changes in morphological rules. We examine this experimentally by contrasting the performance of native and non-native English speakers in a simple Wug-task, showing that non-native speakers are significantly more likely to provide non -ed (i.e., irregular) past-tense forms for novel verbs than native speakers. Both groups are sensitive to sound similarities between new words and existing words (i.e., are more likely to provide irregular forms for novel words which sound similar to existing irregulars). Among both natives and non-natives, irregularizations are non-random; that is, rather than presenting as truly irregular inflectional strategies, they follow identifiable sub-rules present in the highly frequent set of irregular English verbs. Our results shed new light on how native and non-native learners can affect language structure.}, keywords = {castellano, colaiori, cuskley, experiment, kreyon, language_dynamics, loreto, pugliese, rules, Sociolinguistics, tria}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Several recent theories have suggested that an increase in the number of non-native speakers in a language can lead to changes in morphological rules. We examine this experimentally by contrasting the performance of native and non-native English speakers in a simple Wug-task, showing that non-native speakers are significantly more likely to provide non -ed (i.e., irregular) past-tense forms for novel verbs than native speakers. Both groups are sensitive to sound similarities between new words and existing words (i.e., are more likely to provide irregular forms for novel words which sound similar to existing irregulars). Among both natives and non-natives, irregularizations are non-random; that is, rather than presenting as truly irregular inflectional strategies, they follow identifiable sub-rules present in the highly frequent set of irregular English verbs. Our results shed new light on how native and non-native learners can affect language structure. |
Colaiori, Francesca; Castellano, Claudio; Cuskley, Christine F; Loreto, Vittorio; Pugliese, Martina; Tria, Francesca General three-state model with biased population replacement: Analytical solution and application to language dynamics Journal Article Phys. Rev. E, 91 , pp. 012808, 2015. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: castellano, colaiori, cuskley, kreyon, language_dynamics, language_games, loreto, modeling, naming_game, pugliese, tria @article{PhysRevE.91.012808b, title = {General three-state model with biased population replacement: Analytical solution and application to language dynamics}, author = {Francesca Colaiori and Claudio Castellano and Christine F. Cuskley and Vittorio Loreto and Martina Pugliese and Francesca Tria}, url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.91.012808}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.91.012808}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Phys. Rev. E}, volume = {91}, pages = {012808}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, abstract = {Empirical evidence shows that the rate of irregular usage of English verbs exhibits discontinuity as a function of their frequency: the most frequent verbs tend to be totally irregular. We aim to qualitatively understand the origin of this feature by studying simple agent-based models of language dynamics, where each agent adopts an inflectional state for a verb and may change it upon interaction with other agents. At the same time, agents are replaced at some rate by new agents adopting the regular form. In models with only two inflectional states (regular and irregular), we observe that either all verbs regularise irrespective of their frequency, or a continuous transition occurs between a low-frequency state, where the lemma becomes fully regular, and a high-frequency one, where both forms coexist. Introducing a third (mixed) state, wherein agents may use either form, we find that a third, qualitatively different behaviour may emerge, namely, a discontinuous transition in frequency. We introduce and solve analytically a very general class of three-state models that allows us to fully understand these behaviours in a unified framework. Realistic sets of interaction rules, including the well-known naming game (NG) model, result in a discontinuous transition, in agreement with recent empirical findings. We also point out that the distinction between speaker and hearer in the interaction has no effect on the collective behaviour. The results for the general three-state model, although discussed in terms of language dynamics, are widely applicable.}, keywords = {castellano, colaiori, cuskley, kreyon, language_dynamics, language_games, loreto, modeling, naming_game, pugliese, tria}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Empirical evidence shows that the rate of irregular usage of English verbs exhibits discontinuity as a function of their frequency: the most frequent verbs tend to be totally irregular. We aim to qualitatively understand the origin of this feature by studying simple agent-based models of language dynamics, where each agent adopts an inflectional state for a verb and may change it upon interaction with other agents. At the same time, agents are replaced at some rate by new agents adopting the regular form. In models with only two inflectional states (regular and irregular), we observe that either all verbs regularise irrespective of their frequency, or a continuous transition occurs between a low-frequency state, where the lemma becomes fully regular, and a high-frequency one, where both forms coexist. Introducing a third (mixed) state, wherein agents may use either form, we find that a third, qualitatively different behaviour may emerge, namely, a discontinuous transition in frequency. We introduce and solve analytically a very general class of three-state models that allows us to fully understand these behaviours in a unified framework. Realistic sets of interaction rules, including the well-known naming game (NG) model, result in a discontinuous transition, in agreement with recent empirical findings. We also point out that the distinction between speaker and hearer in the interaction has no effect on the collective behaviour. The results for the general three-state model, although discussed in terms of language dynamics, are widely applicable. |
2014 |
Cuskley, Christine F; Pugliese, Martina; Castellano, Claudio; Colaiori, Francesca; Loreto, Vittorio; Tria, Francesca Internal and External Dynamics in Language: Evidence from Verb Regularity in a Historical Corpus of English Journal Article PLoS ONE, 9 , 2014. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: castellano, colaiori, cuskley, language_dynamics, loreto, pugliese, tria @article{, title = {Internal and External Dynamics in Language: Evidence from Verb Regularity in a Historical Corpus of English}, author = {Christine F. Cuskley and Martina Pugliese and Claudio Castellano and Francesca Colaiori and Vittorio Loreto and Francesca Tria}, url = {http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0102882}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {9}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, abstract = {Human languages are rule governed, but almost invariably these rules have exceptions in the form of irregularities. Since rules in language are efficient and productive, the persistence of irregularity is an anomaly. How does irregularity linger in the face of internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) pressures to conform to a rule? Here we address this problem by taking a detailed look at simple past tense verbs in the Corpus of Historical American English. The data show that the language is open, with many new verbs entering. At the same time, existing verbs might tend to regularize or irregularize as a consequence of internal dynamics, but overall, the amount of irregularity sustained by the language stays roughly constant over time. Despite continuous vocabulary growth, and presumably, an attendant increase in expressive power, there is no corresponding growth in irregularity. We analyze the set of irregulars, showing they may adhere to a set of minority rules, allowing for increased stability of irregularity over time. These findings contribute to the debate on how language systems become rule governed, and how and why they sustain exceptions to rules, providing insight into the interplay between the emergence and maintenance of rules and exceptions in language. © 2014 Cuskley et al.}, keywords = {castellano, colaiori, cuskley, language_dynamics, loreto, pugliese, tria}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Human languages are rule governed, but almost invariably these rules have exceptions in the form of irregularities. Since rules in language are efficient and productive, the persistence of irregularity is an anomaly. How does irregularity linger in the face of internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) pressures to conform to a rule? Here we address this problem by taking a detailed look at simple past tense verbs in the Corpus of Historical American English. The data show that the language is open, with many new verbs entering. At the same time, existing verbs might tend to regularize or irregularize as a consequence of internal dynamics, but overall, the amount of irregularity sustained by the language stays roughly constant over time. Despite continuous vocabulary growth, and presumably, an attendant increase in expressive power, there is no corresponding growth in irregularity. We analyze the set of irregulars, showing they may adhere to a set of minority rules, allowing for increased stability of irregularity over time. These findings contribute to the debate on how language systems become rule governed, and how and why they sustain exceptions to rules, providing insight into the interplay between the emergence and maintenance of rules and exceptions in language. © 2014 Cuskley et al. |
2009 |
Castellano, Claudio; Fortunato, Santo; Loreto, Vittorio Statistical physics of social dynamics Journal Article REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS, 81 , pp. 591–657, 2009. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: castellano, fortunato, loreto, social_dynamics @article{b, title = {Statistical physics of social dynamics}, author = {Claudio Castellano and Santo Fortunato and Vittorio Loreto}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-65549108449&partnerID=65&md5=58a59b6faabadae96189e4b4164e6dbd http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000267197500005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=0c7ff228ccbaaa74236f48834a34396a}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS}, volume = {81}, pages = {591--657}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics:2 Huntington Quadrangle, Suite 1NO1:Melville, NY 11747:(800)344-6902, (631)576-2287, EMAIL: subs@aip.org, INTERNET: http://www.aip.org, Fax: (516)349-9704}, abstract = {Statistical physics has proven to be a fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the realm of traditional physics. Recent years have witnessed an attempt by physicists to study collective phenomena emerging from the interactions of individuals as elementary units in social structures. A wide list of topics are reviewed ranging from opinion and cultural and language dynamics to crowd behavior, hierarchy formation, human dynamics, and social spreading. The connections between these problems and other, more traditional, topics of statistical physics are highlighted. Comparison of model results with empirical data from social systems are also emphasized.}, keywords = {castellano, fortunato, loreto, social_dynamics}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Statistical physics has proven to be a fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the realm of traditional physics. Recent years have witnessed an attempt by physicists to study collective phenomena emerging from the interactions of individuals as elementary units in social structures. A wide list of topics are reviewed ranging from opinion and cultural and language dynamics to crowd behavior, hierarchy formation, human dynamics, and social spreading. The connections between these problems and other, more traditional, topics of statistical physics are highlighted. Comparison of model results with empirical data from social systems are also emphasized. |
2005 |
Castellano, Claudio; Loreto, Vittorio; Barrat, Alain; Cecconi, Federico; Parisi, Domenico Comparison of voter and Glauber ordering dynamics on networks Journal Article PHYSICAL REVIEW E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS, 71 , pp. 066107–066114, 2005. Links | BibTeX | Tag: barrat, castellano, cecconi, loreto, opinion_dynamics, parisi, social_dynamics, statistical_physics @article{b, title = {Comparison of voter and Glauber ordering dynamics on networks}, author = {Claudio Castellano and Vittorio Loreto and Alain Barrat and Federico Cecconi and Domenico Parisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-27944464161&partnerID=65&md5=e33dbf7e41cab953b8225aab3fc4c019 http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000230275000023&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=0c7ff228ccbaaa74236f48834a34396a}, year = {2005}, date = {2005-01-01}, journal = {PHYSICAL REVIEW E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS}, volume = {71}, pages = {066107--066114}, publisher = {AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC, ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, USA, MD, 20740-3844}, keywords = {barrat, castellano, cecconi, loreto, opinion_dynamics, parisi, social_dynamics, statistical_physics}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2004 |
Radicchi, Filippo; Castellano, Claudio; Cecconi, Federico; Loreto, Vittorio; Parisi, Domenico Defining and identifying communities in networks Journal Article PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 101 , pp. 2658–2663, 2004. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tag: castellano, cecconi, complex_networks, loreto, parisi, radicchi @article{b, title = {Defining and identifying communities in networks}, author = {Filippo Radicchi and Claudio Castellano and Federico Cecconi and Vittorio Loreto and Domenico Parisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1542357701&partnerID=65&md5=38349a61be5998bacd3283c61c6abce6 http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000220065300004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=0c7ff228ccbaaa74236f48834a34396a}, year = {2004}, date = {2004-01-01}, journal = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA}, volume = {101}, pages = {2658--2663}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences:2101 Constitution Avenue Northwest:Washington, DC 20418:(877)314-2253, (615)377-3322, EMAIL: subspnas@nas.edu, INTERNET: http://www.pnas.org, Fax: (615)377-0525}, abstract = {The investigation of community structures in networks is an important issue in many domains and disciplines. This problem is relevant for social tasks (objective analysis of relationships on the web), biological inquiries (functional studies in metabolic and protein networks), or technological problems (optimization of large infrastructures). Several types of algorithms exist for revealing the community structure in networks, but a general and quantitative definition of community is not implemented in the algorithms, leading to an intrinsic difficulty in the interpretation of the results without any additional nontopological information. In this article we deal with this problem by showing how quantitative definitions of community are implemented in practice in the existing algorithms. In this way the algorithms for the identification of the community structure become fully self-contained. Furthermore, we propose a local algorithm to detect communities which outperforms the existing algorithms with respect to computational cost, keeping the same level of reliability. The algorithm is tested on artificial and real-world graphs. In particular, we show how the algorithm applies to a network of scientific collaborations, which, for its size, cannot be attacked with the usual methods. This type of local algorithm could open the way to applications to large-scale technological and biological systems.}, keywords = {castellano, cecconi, complex_networks, loreto, parisi, radicchi}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The investigation of community structures in networks is an important issue in many domains and disciplines. This problem is relevant for social tasks (objective analysis of relationships on the web), biological inquiries (functional studies in metabolic and protein networks), or technological problems (optimization of large infrastructures). Several types of algorithms exist for revealing the community structure in networks, but a general and quantitative definition of community is not implemented in the algorithms, leading to an intrinsic difficulty in the interpretation of the results without any additional nontopological information. In this article we deal with this problem by showing how quantitative definitions of community are implemented in practice in the existing algorithms. In this way the algorithms for the identification of the community structure become fully self-contained. Furthermore, we propose a local algorithm to detect communities which outperforms the existing algorithms with respect to computational cost, keeping the same level of reliability. The algorithm is tested on artificial and real-world graphs. In particular, we show how the algorithm applies to a network of scientific collaborations, which, for its size, cannot be attacked with the usual methods. This type of local algorithm could open the way to applications to large-scale technological and biological systems. |
Castellano, Claudio; Federico cecconi, ; Loreto, Vittorio; Parisi, Domenico; Radicchi, Filippo Self-contained algorithms to detect communities in networks Journal Article THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. B, CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, 38 , pp. 311–319, 2004. Links | BibTeX | Tag: castellano, cecconi, complex_networks, loreto, parisi, radicchi @article{b, title = {Self-contained algorithms to detect communities in networks}, author = {Claudio Castellano and Federico cecconi, and Vittorio Loreto and Domenico Parisi and Filippo Radicchi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2942534881&partnerID=65&md5=95c1d25779e19f22e6eacd483a47ec2b http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000221447300024&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=0c7ff228ccbaaa74236f48834a34396a}, year = {2004}, date = {2004-01-01}, journal = {THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. B, CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS}, volume = {38}, pages = {311--319}, publisher = {EDP Sciences, Springer Verlag Germany}, keywords = {castellano, cecconi, complex_networks, loreto, parisi, radicchi}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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